Upon discovering the imminent release of a new edition of Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifact to Cyberspace, I was filled with both eager anticipation and apprehension of change. The third edition (revised) was published seven years ago in 2017, and the prospect of a refreshed volume piqued my interest. I wondered about the innovative citation concepts Elizabeth Shown Mills would introduce in the fourth edition, and how it might impact my established citation system. I’ve already worked out, through much pain, re-learning, and revisioning, a citation system that works for me based on the previous edition.

Also, my third edition is full of Post-it notes, colored flags, margin notes, and familiarity. Would I be able to transfer all those personalizations to the new edition smoothly or painfully?

When the fourth edition arrived, the first obvious change was that it was thinner. It is 739 pages versus the 892 pages of the third edition. The second obvious change is that all the gray pages, QuickCheck Models, were gone, which may explain why the new edition is slimmer.

Inside the book, there is an entirely new Chapter 3. This chapter simplifies the citation writing process by introducing 14 new templates employing seven essential elements. This development echoes the approach taken by Tom Jones in Mastering Genealogical Documentation. The 14 templates are referenced throughout the book, offering a standardized framework for citation writing. For instance, section 8.13 on Church “Record Books: Cited by Exact Title” suggests using Template 9: Government, Church, or Corporate Office.

The 14 standardized templates are in lieu of the QuickCheck Models, and they make a significant and welcome change in streamlining citation writing.

TEMPLATES
For publications
1. Basic Publication: Book or Simple Website
2. Book with Parts by Different Authors
3. Journal or Magazine Article
4. Newspaper Article
5. Complex Website: Multiple Articles or Databases
For manuscripts & artifacts
6. Basic Authored Manuscript
7. Private Holdings: Artifact or Manuscript Document
8. Formal Archives: Artifact or Manuscript Document
9. Government, Church, or Corporate Office: Record Book or Loose File
10. Online Image: Named Database or No Named Database
11. Preservation Microfilm
For unique items
12. Birth or Death Certificate
13. Census: Online or Preservation Microfilm
14. Gravestone
The seven basic building blocks for these templates are:

Block 1: Creator (who?)
Block 2: Title (what?)
Block 3: Descriptor (what?)
Block 4: Place (where?)
Block 5: Publisher (who?)
Block 6: Date (when?)
Block 7: Specific item (where? or where within?)

Maybe I’ll build new custom RootsMagic source templates based on these 14 new models. (If they don’t create too much re-work of what I’ve already developed.) But still, I was wondering, where do I find all my old familiar models in this new version? Where would my post-it note on section 3.16 go in the new book? So, I set out to map the Third Edition vs. the Fourth Edition and learned that my post-it would now go in the fourth edition section 4.15. The mapping table below details the corresponding sections between the two editions. Sections without a third-edition counterpart indicate new sections in the fourth edition.

However, it’s crucial to note that, while section titles may be similar, the content within those sections may vary, ranging from moderate revisions to complete overhauls. Chapter 10 appears to have undergone substantial changes.

After mapping the new book to understand the rearrangements, where to find old familiars, and what is new material, I feel ready to jump over. I’ll keep my beloved third edition close by, but the fourth edition will now take its place on my desk.

You can also download a copy of this table.

Fourth Edition Chapter Titles 4th ed. Section 3rd ed. Section
Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Research & Analysis p. 17
BASIC ISSUES
Analysis & mindset 1.1 1.1
Completeness of research 1.2 1.2
Conclusions: hypothesis, theory & proof 1.3 1.3
Fact vs. assertion or claim 1.4 1.4
Family-history standards 1.5 1.5
Levels of confidence 1.6 1.6
Objectivity 1.7 1.7
Presentism 1.8 1.8
Quantity vs. quality 1.9 1.9
Technical knowledge 1.10 1.10
Truth 1.11 1.11
CLASSES OF EVIDENCE
Generic labels 1.12 1.12
Legal terminology 1.13 1.13
Evidence Analysis Process Map 1.14 1.14
Sources: original, derivative, authored 1.15 1.14
Information: Primary, secondary, or unknown 1.16 1.14
Evidence: direct, indirect, negative 1.17 1.14
Proof 1.18 1.14
Proof argument 1.19 1.15
PROBLEMATIC CONCEPTS
“Definitive sources” 1.20 1.16
“Direct Sources” 1.21 1.17
“Final conclusions” 1.22 1.18
“Indirect sources” 1.23 1.19
“The name’s the same” rule 1.24 1.20
“Three sources” rule 1.25 1.21
Using one’s self as a source 1.26
PROCESSED RECORDS (FORMATS)
Abstracts vs. extracts 1.27 1.22
Databases entries & indexes 1.28 1.23
Duplicates 1.29 1.24
Duplicate originals (counterparts) 1.30 1.25
Image copies 1.31 1.26
Record copies (aka clerk’s copies) 1.32 1.27
Transcriptions vs. translations 1.33 1.28
Transcriptions, edited or embellished 1.34 1.29
TEXTUAL CRITICISM
Authenticity & credibility 1.35 1.30
Certification & certificates 1.36 1.31
Content 1.37 1.32
Creator’s veracity & skill 1.38 1.33
Informant’s purpose & reliability 1.39 1.34
Language characteristics 1.40 1.35
Material characteristics 1.41 1.36
Penmanship 1.42 1.37
Record’s custodial history 1.43 1.38
Record’s degree of processing 1.44 1.39
Record’s timeliness 1.45 1.40
Source description 1.46 1.41
Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Citation & Style
p. 45
BASIC ISSUES
Art vs. science 2.1 2.1
Citation style choices 2.2 2.2
Citations: definition & purpose 2.3 2.3
Citations: types of 2.4 2.4
Common-knowledge rule 2.5 2.5
Copyrights, plagiarism & fair use 2.6 2.6
Discursive notes & overlong citations 2.7 2.7
Privacy 2.8 2.8
Selectivity & thoroughness 2.9 2.9
Symbols & terms 2.10 2.10
COMMON PRACTICES
for citing:
Anonymous sources 2.11
Derivatives & imaged sources 2.12 2.11
Entire book or record set 2.13
Indexes & other finding aids 2.14 2.12
Negative finding & negative searches 2.15 2.13
One’s prior research as source 2.16
Page, folio, and sheet numbers 2.17 2.14
Privately held materials 2.18
Personal credentials, titles & degrees 2.19 2.17
Personal knowledge or opinion 2.20 2.15
Personal names 2.21 2.16
Published vs. unpublished materials 2.22 2.18
Repositories (libraries & archives) 2.23 2.19
Repository call numbers 2.24
Several sources for a single fact 2.25 2.20
Source of our source 2.26 2.21
Titles: basic rules 2.27 2.22
Titles in foreign languages 2.28 2.23
for creating:
Short citations 2.29 2.43
Short citation: precautions 2.30 2.45, 2.44
Source labels 2.31 2.46
for numbering:
References 2.32 2.42
ONLINE MATERIALS
Basic elements to cite 2.33 2.32
Database entries vs. images vs. essays 2.34 2.34
Online addresses: URLs, ARKs, etc. 2.35 2.37
Punctuation 2.36 2.36
ONLINE ISSUES: FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY
FamilySearch 2.37 2.24
FamilySearch abbreviations or initialism 2.38
FamilySearch film call numbers 2.39 2.26
FamilySearch film item numbers 2.40 2.28
FamilySearch images of
Original records 2.41 2.27
Published books 2.42 2.29
Published film 2.43 2.30
Identification of repositories 2.44 2.31
SOURCE LIST ARRANGEMENTS
Arrangement options 2.45 2.47
By author-title 2.46 2.48
By collection 2.47 2.49
By geographic locale 2.48 2.50
By repository 2.49 2.51
By source type 2.50 2.52
Source list
  Alphabetizing of 2.51 2.53
  Numbering of 2.52 2.54
STYLISTIC MATTERS
Abbreviations 2.53 2.56, 2.55
Acronyms & initialisms 2.54 2.57
Braces & brackets 2.55 2.58
Capitalization:
General usage 2.56 2.59
Publication titles 2.57 2.60
Small caps 2.58 2.61
Untitled items 2.59 2.62
Colons 2.60 2.63
Commas 2.61 2.64
Dashes vs. hyphens 2.62 2.65
Dates 2.63 2.66
Ellipses 2.64 2.67
Italics (or underscoring) 2.65 2.68
Latinisms 2.66 2.69
Parentheses 2.67 2.70
Placement of punctuation 2.68 2.71
Quotation marks 2.69 2.72
Roman numerals 2.70 2.73
Semicolons 2.71 2.74
Slashes (virgules) 2.72 2.75
Titles 2.73 2.76
Chapter 3. Building a Citation
p. 99
BASIC ISSUES
Citation structure 3.1
Citation design: the five Ws 3.2
Creating flexibility 3.3
BUILDING BLOCKS
The basic seven 3.4
Block 1: Creator (who?) 3.5
Block 2: Title (what?) 3.6
Block 3: Descriptor (what?) 3.7
Block 4: Place (where?) 3.8
Block 5: Publisher (who?) 3.9
Block 6: Date (when?) 3.10
Block 7: Specific item (where? or where within?) 3.11
LAYERS 2.33
The framework 3.12
Single-layer citations 3.13
Multi-layer citations 3.14
Sequence of layers:
Archived records 3.15
Online images 3.16
ASSEMBLING THE BUILDING BLOCKS & LAYERS
Published materials: Basic Format 3.17
Unpublished materials & artifacts: Basic Format 3.18
TEMPLATES
For publications
1. Basic Publication: Book or Simple Website p. 116
2. Book with Parts by Different Authors p. 118
3. Journal or Magazine Article p. 119
4. Newspaper Article p. 120
5. Complex Website: Multiple Articles or Databases p. 121
For manuscripts & artifacts
6. Basic Authored Manuscript p. 122
7. Private Holdings: Artifact or Manuscript Document p. 123
8. Formal Archives: Artifact or Manuscript Document p. 124
9. Government, Church, or Corporate Office: Record Book or Loose File p. 126
10. Online Image: Named Database or No Named Database p. 128
11. Preservation Microfilm p. 130
For unique items
12. Birth or Death Certificate p. 131
13. Census: Online or Preservation Microfilm p. 132
14. Gravestone p. 134
Chapter 4: Archives & Artifacts p. 135
BASIC ISSUES
Archival arrangements 4.1 3.1
Archival style guides 4.2 3.2
International differences 4.3 3.3
Series, collection, document numbers 4.4 3.10
Source list entries vs. reference notes 4.5 3.4
CREATING SOURCE LIST ENTRIES
Archives as lead element 4.6 3.6
Author, etc., as lead element 4.7 3.7
Collection as lead element 4.8 3.8
Document as lead element 4.9 3.9
FORMALLY ARCHIVED MATERIALS
Basic patterns:
Artifacts 4.10 3.13
Authored manuscripts 4.11 3.22
Documents 4.12 3.14
Bibles & Bible records 4.13 3.15
Bound manuscripts vs. card files 4.14 3.22
Digital archive records 4.15 3.16
Filmed or fiched material 4.16 3.17
Commercial publications 4.17 3.18
Preservation copies 4.18 3.19
Photographs, portraits & sketches 4.19 3.20
Research reports 4.20 3.21
Vertical files 4.21 3.23
Virtual exhibits: archived online 4.22
PRIVATE HOLDINGS
Basic elements 4.23 3.24
Basic format: family artifacts 4.24 3.25
Bible pages, loose 4.25 3.26
Bibles with family data 4.26 3.27
Charts & family group sheets 4.27 3.28
Diaries & journals 4.28 3.29
Family records (non-Bible) 4.29 3.30
Frakturs 4.30 3.31
Interview recordings & transcripts 4.31 3.32
Jewelry, medals & objets d’art 4.32 3.33
Legal documents: unrecorded 4.33 3.34
Letters: historic 4.34 3.35
Newspaper clippings 4.35 3.36
Photographs, portraits & sketches 4.36 3.37
Samplers 4.37 3.38
School records: heirloom copies 4.38 3.39
Scrapbooks & albums 4.39 3.40
PERSONAL FILES & PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE
Correspondence 4.40 3.41
E-mail and instant messages 4.41 3.42
Personal knowledge 4.42 3.43
Research files & reports 4.43 3.44
Traditions 4.44 3.45
Chapter 5: Business & Institutional Records p. 179
BASIC ISSUES
Private records vs. public access 5.1 4.1
Published records 5.2 4.2
Bound volumes vs. “loose” files 5.3 4.3
Basic patterns 5.4
CORPORATE & INSTITUTIONAL RECORDS
Banking records
Original record books 5.5 4.5, 4.4
Derivative forms 5.6 4.6
Credit reports 5.7 4.7
Educational institutions: Administrative records 5.8 4.17
Funeral-home records:
   Extract supplied by staff 5.9 4.8
   Personal examination 5.10 4.9
Genetic databases 5.11 4.10
Hospital & physician records 5.12 4.11
Insurance-company records 5.13 4.12
Insurance slave-policy registries 5.14 4.13
Orphanage records 5.15 4.14
Prison records 5.16 4.15
Railroad records 5.17 4.16
Store ledgers 5.18 4.18
LINEAGE-SOCIETY MATERIALS
Application files 5.19 4.19
Compiled records, DAR 5.20 4.20
Documentation files 5.21 4.21
OTHER MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS
Documents & registers
Archived in-house 5.22 4.22
Archived off-site 5.23 4.23
Extract supplied by staff 5.24 4.24
Membership card files 5.25 4.25
PROFESSIONAL REPORTS
Basic issues 5.26 4.26
Genetic testing reports: offline 5.27 4.27
Historical research reports: online 5.28 4.28
Legal research reports 5.29 4.29
Chapter 6: Cemetery Records p. 211
BASIC ISSUES
Cultural considerations 6.1 5.1
Cemetery as “author” 6.2 5.2
Identification of:
Facility 6.3 5.3
Individuals 6.4 5.4
Record dates 6.5 5.5
ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS
Correspondence with extracts 6.6 5.6
Files, plats, registers, sexton records 6.7 5.7
Orders for interment 6.8 5.8
Plot ownership certificates 6.9 5.9
MARKERS & PLAQUES
Basic elements 6.10 5.10
Cenotaphs & memorial plaques 6.11 5.11
Grave markers:
Churchyard 6.12 5.12
Rural 6.13 5.13
Rural, citing by GPS 6.14 5.14
Grave markers: urban 6.15 5.15
Images & memorial pages 6.16 5.16
DERIVATIVES (COPIES & COMPILATIONS)
Compilations: a caution 6.17 5.17
Compiled card files & vertical files 6.18 5.18
Compiled cemetery records
Online 6.19 5.19
Photographic works 6.20 5.20
Published works 6.21 5.21
Chapter 7: Census Records p. 229
BASIC ISSUES
“Ancient” vs. “modern” censuses 7.1 6.1
Arrangement of source list 7.2 6.3
Citing:
Dates of enumeration 7.3 6.4
Dwelling & family numbers 7.4 6.5
Household heads or others 7.5 6.6
Line numbers 7.6 6.7
Page, folio, or sheet numbers 7.7 6.8
Roll numbers 7.8 6.9
Databases entries vs. images, indexes 7.9 6.10
Image copies, digital or microfilm 7.10 6.12
Microfilm, National Archives 7.11 6.14
Shortened citations, essentials 7.12 6.16
U.S. CENSUSES
Background 7.13 6.17
POPULATION SCHEDULES
Original returns used at NARA 7.14 6.18
1790 7.15 6.19
1800 7.16 6.20
1810 7.17 6.21
1820 7.18 6.22
1830 7.19 6.23
1840 7.20 6.24
1850 7.21 6.25
1860 7.22 6.26
1870 7.23 6.27
1880 7.24 6.28
1890 7.25 6.29
1900 7.26 6.30
1910–1940 7.27 6.31
1950 7.28
State & local copies 7.29 6.32
“NONPOPULATION” SCHEDULES
Background 7.30 6.33
NARA-holdings 7.31 6.34
Not held at NARA 7.32 6.35
SPECIAL POPULATION SCHEDULES
Basic Issue 7.33
1880 Indian population 7.34 6.36
1890 Union veterans & widows 7.35 6.37
1900 Indian population 7.36 6.38
1900 military population 7.37 6.39
Native American tribal, 1885-1940 7.38 6.40
MISCELLANEOUS CENSUS MATERIALS
Enumeration district maps 7.39 6.42
Enumeration instructions 7.40 6.48
Pre-federal censuses 7.41 6.43
Religious censuses 7.42 6.44
School censuses 7.43 6.45
State-sponsored censuses 7.44 6.46
Statistical compendiums 7.45 6.47
INTERNATIONAL CENSUSES
Australia 7.46 6.49
Canada 7.47 6.50
England, Northern Ireland, Scotland & Wales 7.48 6.51
France 7.49 6.52
Germany 7.50 6.53
Italy 7.51 6.54
Mexico 7.52 6.56
Spain 7.53 6.57
Sweden 7.54 6.58
Chapter 8: Church Records p. 281
BASIC ISSUES
Access 8.1
Cultural differences & similarities 8.2 7.1
Citation elements. U.S. vs. International 8.3 7.2
Citing church as “author” 8.4 7.3
Citing date vs. page numbers 8.5 7.4
Citing entry vs. page numbers 8.6 7.5
Identification of church 8.7 7.7
Identification of event 8.8 7.8
Identification of people 8.9 7.9
Identification of record dates 8.10 7.10
Source list entries, options for 8.11 7.11
Template choices 8.12
ORIGINAL MATERIALS (BASIC FORMATS)
Record books:
Cited by exact title 8.13 7.13
Cited by series & volume 8.14 7.14
Divided into sections 8.15 7.15
Foreign language titles 8.16 7.16
Preserved off-site 8.17 7.12
Records created by diocese 8.18 7.17
IMAGE COPIES
Microfilm:
Preservation copies 8.19 7.20 – 7.21
Published 8.20 7.23
Online images 8.21 7.18
Photocopies of digital image of random records 8.22 7.19
DERIVATIVES: COPIES & COMPILATIONS
Certificates 8.23 7.24
Certified transcriptions or translations 8.24 7.25
Church publications:
Brochures, newsletters, etc. 8.25 7.26
Databases online 8.26 7.27
Directories or histories 8.27 7.28
Transcriptions & abstracts 8.28 7.29
Recopied registers 8.29 7.30
Typescripts of registers 8.30 7.31
INTERNATIONAL RECORDS
Basic issues 8.31 7.36
Canada 8.32 7.37
England 8.33 7.38
France 8.34 7.39
Germany 8.35 7.40
Italy 8.36
Mexico 8.37 7.41
Norway 8.38 7.42
Scotland 8.39 7.43
Spain 8.40 7.44
Sweden 8.41 7.45
Chapter 9: Governance & Property: Local Records p. 331
BASIC ISSUES
Essential elements 9.1 8.1, 8.2
Citing:
Books vs. files 9.2 8.7
Books vs. libers 9.3 8.8
Date or court term 9.4 8.9
Exact titles 9.5 8.10
Internal cross-references 9.6 8.11
Jurisdictions 9.7 8.12
Key parties in the record 9.8 8.13
Multiple records for same fact 9.9
Nature of the record 9.10 8.14
Page numbers 9.11 8.15
Record office 9.12 8.16
Use of:
Image copies 9.13 8.4
Record copies 9.14 8.5
Other derivatives 9.15 8.6
BASIC PATTERNS
Bound volumes 9.16 8.18
Loose papers (case files) 9.17 8.19
Records archived off-site 9.18 8.20
Database entries 9.19
Microfilm images 9.20 10.6
Online images 9.21 10.6
COURT RECORDS
Background 9.22 8.17
Bastardy cases 9.23 8.21
Bonds 9.24 8.22
Coroners’ inquests 9.25 8.23
County commissioners’ records 9.26 8.24
Divorce & separation cases 9.27 8.25
Election certificates & returns 9.28 8.26
Indigent records 9.29 8.27, 8.34
Insanity hearings 9.30 8.28
Jail records 9.31 8.29
Naturalization records: local 9.32 8.31
Pension affidavits 9.33 8.33
Town records 9.34 8.36
PROBATE RECORDS
Bound volumes vs. loose papers 9.35 10.30
Orphans’ court records 9.36 10.35
Bonds 9.37 10.34
Records removed to state archives 9.38 10.36
PROPERTY RECORDS
Building permits 9.39 10.22
Deed (aka Conveyance) Books 9.40 10.5
Estray (ranger) books 9.41 10.23
Homestead exemption records 9.42 10.24
Lease & release conveyances 9.43 10.10
Marks & brands books 9.44 10.25
Mining records 9.45 10.26
Mortgages or deeds of trust 9.46 10.11
Notarial books & files 9.47 10.27
Plat books 9.48 10.28
Provincial or state deeds 9.49 10.14
Tract books, county level 9.50 10.29
TAX RECORDS
Basic formats 9.51 10.38
Citing a run of tax records 9.52 10.39
INTERNATIONAL RECORDS
Basic formats 9.53 10.43
Australia 9.54
Canada 9.55 10.44
England 9.56 10.45
France 9.57 10.46
Isle of Man 9.58
Mexico 9.59
Chapter 10: Governance & Property: State Records p. 385
BASIC ISSUES
Background 10.1 10.1
Basic patterns:
Archived documents 10.2
Finding aids 10.3
ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS
Governors’ papers 10.4 8.40
COURT RECORDS
Colony-level 10.5 8.38
State or provincial appellate cases 10.6 8.39
LAND GRANTS
Background 10.7 10.15
Grants & patents:
Bound volumes 10.8 10.16
Certificates & other loose records 10.9 10.17
DVD & microfilm images 10.10 10.18
Online materials 10.11 10.19
State-level records for U.S. public lands 10.12 10.20, 10.21
LEGISLATIVE RECORDS
Acts of the legislature 10.13 8.41
Petitions & files 10.14 8.42
NATURALIZATION RECORDS
State-level compilations 10.15 8.31
PENSION RECORDS
Application files 10.16 8.43
PROBATE RECORDS
State- or province-level files 10.17 10.37
TAX RECORDS
Colonial quit-rent rolls 10.18 10.40
State- or province-level rolls 10.19 10.42
Chapter 11: Licenses, Registrations, Rolls & Vital Records: Local & State p. 415
BASIC ISSUES
Background 11.1 9.1
Citing key parties in the record 11.2 9.2
MARRIAGE BONDS, LICENSES, ETC.
Bound volumes 11.3 9.4
Loose papers: bonds & licenses 11.4 9.5
Online resources 11.5 9.6
Records removed to state archives 11.6 9.7
Stray marriage records 11.7 9.8
MILITARY/PENSION ROLLS & REGISTERS
Militia rolls
Local 11.8 9.9
Local, moved to state archives 11.9 9.10
Military rolls: state 11.10 9.11
Pension rolls: local 11.11 9.12
Soldiers’ discharge registers: local 11.12 9.13
Veteran, widow & orphan rolls
Local 11.13 9.14
State 11.14 9.15
MISCELLANEOUS ROLLS & REGISTRATIONS
Child labor affidavits & licenses 11.15 9.16
Free papers, licenses & registrations 11.16 9.17
Jury lists 11.17 9.18
Licenses: miscellaneous 11.18 9.19
Licenses: moved to state archives 11.19 9.20
Marks & brands registrations 11.20 9.21
Voter rolls 11.21 9.23
SLAVERY & SERVITUDE RECORDS
Background 11.22 9.24
Indentureships 11.23 9.25
Inventories & other lists 11.24 9.26
Manumissions (emancipations) 11.25 9.27
Mortgages & sales 11.26 9.28
Slave passes for travel 11.27 9.29
VITAL REGISTRATIONS: BIRTHS, DEATHS, ETC.
Background 11.28 9.30
Certificates vs. registrations 11.29 9.31
City certificates & registrations 11.30 9.32
County-level certificates 11.31 9.33
County-level registrations 11.32 9.34
Delayed & amended birth records 11.33 9.35
Divorce records 11.34 9.36
Negative-search certificates 11.35 9.37
Permits: burial or transportation 11.36 9.38
Published vital records 11.37 9.39
Short-form certificates 11.38 9.40
State-level certificates 11.39 9.41
State-level registers 11.40 9.42
Town registers: New England 11.41 9.43
Tribal registrations 11.42 9.44
VITAL REGISTRATIONS: INTERNATIONAL
Background 11.43 9.45
Canada 11.44 9.46, 9.47
England 11.45 9.48
France 11.46 9.49
Germany 11.47 9.50, 9.51
Ireland 11.48 9.52
Israel 11.49 9.53
Italy 11.50 9.54
Mexico 11.51 9.55
The Netherlands 11.52
Scandinavia 11.53 9.58
Scotland 11.54 9.56
Spain 11.55
Switzerland 11.56 9.57
Wales 11.57
Chapter 12: National Government Records p. 471
U.S. RECORDS
BASIC ISSUES
Archives & Initialisms 12.1 11.4
Citing federal records 12.2 11.1
Citing NARA style 12.3 11.2
Creating short citations 12.4 11.3
Identifying the author or creator 12.5 11.5
BASIC PATTERNS
Archived materials 12.6 11.7
Microfilm records 12.7 11.8
NA-regional holdings 12.8 11.9
Online database entries or indexes 12.9 11.10
Online images 12.10 11.11
Recordings 12.11 11.6
IMMIGRATION, PASSENGER & SEAMEN RECORDS
Background 12.12 11.12
Crew records:
Lists for ships 12.13 11.13
Seamen protection certificates 12.14 11.14
Passenger manifests 12.15 11.15, 11.16
Port manifests: inland ports 12.16 11.17
11.18
INDIAN AFFAIRS RECORDS
Manuscript materials 12.17 11.19
Microfilm publications 12.18 11.20
Online derivatives 12.19 11.21
LAND RECORDS (FEDERAL)
Background 12.20 11.22
Land entry files 12.21 11.23, 11.24
Land Office records 12.22 11.25 – 11.27
Special land files:
Bounty land records 12.23 11.28
Private land claims 12.24 11.29
Survey plat maps 12.25 11.30
Tract books 12.26 11.31
MILITARY & PENSION RECORDS
Compiled service records 12.27 11.32
Draft registrations 12.28 11.33
Employees, civilian 12.29 11.34
Enlistment & personnel records 12.30 11.35
Headstone & burial records 12.31 11.36
Imprisonments & Internments 12.32 11.37
Muster rolls 12.33 11.38
Navy apprentices 12.34 11.39
Pension files 12.35 11.40
MISCELLANEOUS U.S. RECORDS
Captured Confederate records 12.36 11.41
Civil War claims: international 12.37 11.42
Civil War claims: Southern 12.38 11.43
Congressional records 12.39 11.44
Court of Claims case files 12.40 11.45
Court records: circuit & district 12.41 11.46
Diplomatic records 12.42
Freedmen’s Bureau records 12.43 11.47
Maps 12.44 11.48
Naturalization records 12.45 11.49
Passport records 12.46 11.50
Patent & trademark records 12.47 11.51
Photographic files 12.48 11.52
Railroad Retirement Board files 12.49 11.53
Slave narratives 12.50 11.54
Social Security records 12.51 11.55
Tax records (federal-level) 12.52 11.56
WPA records 12.53 11.57
INTERNATIONAL RECORDS
Basic Patterns 12.54
Australia 12.55 11.58
Canada 12.56 11.59
England 12.57 11.60
France 12.58 11.61
Germany 12.59 11.62
Ireland 12.60 11.63 – 11.66
Mexico 12.61 11.67
Poland 12.62
Portugal 12.63
Scotland 12.64 11.68
Spain 12.65 11.69
Wales 12.66 11.70
Chapter 13: Publications: Books, CDs, Maps, Leaflets & Videos p. 559
BASIC ISSUES
Abbreviations in book citations 13.1 12.1
Basic citation differences 13.2 12.2
Basic pattern: books & other 13.3 12.3
Ibid. references 13.4 12.4
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:
AUTHORS & CREATORS
Author: defined 13.5 12.5
Author’s role 13.6 12.6
   Abstractor or transcriber 13.7 12.7
   Compiler or author 13.8 12.8
   Translator or transcriber 13.9 12.9
Authors:
Multiple 13.10 12.10
Unidentified 13.11 12.11
Unknown 13.12 12.12
PAGE & ENTRY NUMBERS
Citing pages vs. entries 13.13 12.13
Page numbers, missing 13.14 12.14
PUBLICATION FACTS
Details missing 13.15 12.15
Places of publication:  multiple 13.16 12.16
Publishers:
Identification of 13.17 12.17
Multiple 13.18 12.18
Name changes 13.19 12.19
Self-published works 13.20 12.20
TITLES
Citing full vs. shortened 13.21 12.21
Correcting & clarifying 13.22 12.22
Inconsistencies within 13.23 12.23
Italics vs. quotation marks 13.24 12.24
Multiple titles by same author 13.25 12.25
Punctuation & capitalization 13.26 12.26
Translated 13.27 12.27
Titles within a title 13.28 12.28
SPECIAL PUBLICATION TYPES:
ANTHOLOGIES
Anthology vs. new edition 13.29 12.29
Dual credit needed 13.30 12.30
Citing author vs. editor, etc. 13.31 12.31
ATLASES
Print editions 13.32 12.33
Reprints online 13.33 12.34
BIBLES & SACRED TEXTS
Bible passages: quoted 13.34 12.35
Bible versions: identified 13.35 12.36
Bibles: family heirlooms 13.36 12.37
Other sacred texts 13.37 12.38
BOOK CHAPTERS, FOREWORDS, ETC.
Chapters: when to cite 13.38 12.39
Foreword by guest writers 13.39 12.40
Preface by book’s author 13.40 12.41
BROADSIDES, FOLDERS & LEAFLETS
Authors: identification of 13.41 12.42
Broadsides: originals & reprints 13.42 12.43
Missing data 13.43 12.44
Publication number 13.44 12.45
CONFERENCE, INSTITUTE & WEBINAR PAPERS
Basic differences 13.45 12.46
Conference & institute syllabi 13.46 12.47
Papers: individual webinars 13.47
Papers: individually distributed 13.48 12.48
DICTIONARIES & ENCYCLOPEDIAS
Basic issues 13.49 12.49
Biographical directories 13.50 12.50
Dictionaries:
Standard 13.51 12.51
Specialized 13.52 12.52
Encyclopedia:
Standard 13.53 12.53
Specialized 13.54 12.54
DIRECTORIES
Basic pattern 13.55 12.55
Citing multiple years 13.56 12.56
Page numbers missing 13.57 12.57
Titles, overlong 13.58 12.58
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
Basic issues 13.59 12.59
E-books: audio & text 13.60 12.60
E-books & dissertations 13.61 12.61
E-books: citing URL vs. DOI 13.62 12.62
EDITED WORKS
Basic format 13.63 12.63
Citing chapter authors 13.64 12.64
Citing editor as author 13.65 12.65
Citing editor as well as author 13.66 12.66
MAPS
Historic maps 13.67 12.67
Topographic maps 13.68 12.68
MULTIVOLUME WORKS
Basic format 13.69 12.69
Date ranges 13.70 12.70
Different subtitles 13.71 12.71
Ongoing volumes 13.72 12.72
Single volume split into several 13.73 12.73
Successive authors or editors 13.74 12.74
REPRINTS & REVISIONS
Basic pattern 13.75 12.75
Citing dates 13.76 12.76
Facsimile (image) reproductions 13.77 12.77
Reprints:
Image editions 13.78 12.78, 12.79
Multivolumes bound as one 13.79 12.80
New editions 13.80 12.81
Revised editions 13.81 12.82
Revisions: posthumous 13.82 12.83
SERIES & OCCASIONAL WORKS
Basic issues 13.83 12.84
“Archives” of various states 13.84 12.85
“Occasional” publications 13.85 12.86
With multiple authors 13.86 12.87
With named parts 13.87 12.88
With titles cited as a courtesy 13.88 12.89
VIDEOS & AUDIO PRESENTATIONS
Documentaries, etc. 13.89 12.90
Instructional presentations 13.90 12.91
VITAL RECORDS
Published 13.91 12.92
Chapter 14: Publications: Legal Works & Government Documents p. 627
LEGAL WORKS:
BASIC ISSUES
Background 14.1 13.1
Citation style options:
Legal style 14.2 13.2
Layman’s style 14.3 13.3
Law types:
Case vs. statutory 14.4 13.4
Published summaries:
Reporters & digests 14.5 13.5
Statutory law formats:
By process 14.6 13.6
Titles of laws
Punctuation & typeface 14.7 13.7
CODES, STATUTES, SLIP LAWS, ETC.
(Codes)
Federal codes 14.8 13.8
Municipal codes 14.9 13.9
State codes 14.10 13.10
(Legislative acts, session laws & statutes)
Federal codes 14.11 13.12
State codes 14.12 13.13
Statutes: regnal 14.13 13.14
(Standalone items)
Slip laws, memorials & resolutions 14.14 13.15 – 13.17
DIGESTS & REPORTERS
Federal case reporters 14.15 13.18
Federal digests 14.16 13.19
State case reporters 14.17 13.20
State digests 14.18 13.21
PRINTED GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS:
BASIC ISSUES
Definition 14.19 13.23
Departments as “author” 14.20 13.24
International counterparts 14.21 13.25
CONGRESSIONAL SERIAL SET
Background 14.22 13.26
1789–1838 14.23 13.27
1817 to present 14.24 13.28
Serial Set Index 14.25 13.29
(American State Papers)
Authorized editions 14.26 13.30
Duff Greene edition 14.27 13.31
Gales & Seaton edition 14.28 13.32
Gales reprint edition 14.29 13.33
New American State Papers 14.30 13.34
(Congressional documents)
Annals of Congress 14.31 13.35 – 13.37
House & Senate documents 14.32 13.38
House & Senate journals 14.33 13.39
Other Serial Set models 14.34 13.40
(Departmental & agency reports)
Executive Branch reports 14.35 13.41
NATIONAL ARCHIVES FINDING AIDS
Background 14.36 13.42
Catalogs & guides 14.37 13.43
Descriptive pamphlets 14.38 13.44
General information leaflets 14.39 13.45
Inventories 14.40 13.46
Nonpublic manuscripts 14.41 13.47
Reference information papers & special lists 14.42 13.48
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
Multiple formats 14.43 13.49 – 13.51
OTHER GOVERNMENTAL PUBLICATIONS
State-level publications 14.44 13.52
International publications 14.45 13.53
Chapter 15: Publications: Periodicals, Broadcasts & Web Miscellanea p. 665
BASIC ISSUES
Basic distinctions between types 15.1 14.1
Basic patterns 15.2
CITATION PARTS
Author: anonymous 15.3 14.3
Author: pseudonymous 15.4 14.4
Author’s credentials, degrees, and honorifics 15.5 14.5
Dates styles 15.6 14.7
Dates vs. volume & issue numbers 15.7 14.8
Dates vs. volume: variances by type 15.8 14.9
Edition, page & column references 15.9 14.1
Place of publication 15.10 14.11
Publisher 15.11 14.12
Titles: article vs. periodical 15.12 14.2
Volume & issue numbers 15.13 14.15
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES:
CONVENTIONAL PRINT MEDIA
journal articles 15.14 14.16
Journal articles: serialized 15.15 14.17
Journal review essays 15.16 14.19
Journal reviews: untitled 15.17 14.18
Magazine articles 15.18 14.20
Newsletter articles 15.19 14.21
Newspaper articles 15.20 14.22
DIGITAL & BROADCAST MEDIA
Blogs 15.21 14.25
Broadcasts & streamed series 15.22
Broadcast transcripts 15.23 14.23
Discussion forums & lists 15.24 14.27
E-journals & e-magazines 15.25 14.28
Podcasts 15.26 14.30
Social media 15.27 14.31
GENERATIVE AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
Image generators & large language models 15.28
Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix B: Bibliography
Index
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